Counting Women's Work 3/31/17 Counting Women's Work 3/31/17

Household production and consumption over the life cycle: National Time Transfer Accounts in 14 European countries

A group of European researchers have used CWW methodology to produce the article “Household production and consumption over the life cycle: National Time Transfer Accounts in 14 European countries“ published in the journal Demographic Research.

Vargha, L., Gál, R., and Crosby-Nagy, M., 2017. “Household production and consumption over the life cycle: National Time Transfer Accounts in 14 European countries” Demographic Research, 36: 905-944. DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2017.36.32

ABSTRACT:

Background: While the importance of unpaid household labour is recognised in total economic output, little is known about the demographics of household production and consumption.

Objective: Our goal is to give a comprehensive estimation on the value of household production and its consumption by age and gender and analyse nonmarket economic transfers in 14 European countries based on publicly available harmonised data.

Methods: We introduce a novel imputation method of harmonised European time use (HETUS) data to the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) in order to assign time spent on home production to consumers in households and estimate time transfers. Moreover, monetary values are attributed to household production activities using data on earnings from the Structure of Earnings Survey (SES).

Results: We show that the nonmarket economic life cycle of men differs from that of women. The gender gap in household production is not evenly distributed over the life cycle. Women of working age contribute the most in net terms, while the main beneficiaries of household goods and services are children and to a lesser extent adult men. These patterns are similar across countries, with variations in the gender- and age-specific levels of home production and consumption.

Conclusions: In Europe, in the national economy, intergenerational flows are important in sustaining both childhood and old age. In contrast, in the household economy, intergenerational transfers flow mostly towards children.

Contribution: We add a new focus to the research on household production: While keeping the gender aspect, we demonstrate the importance of the life cycle component in household production.

Counting Women's Work 12/1/16 Counting Women's Work 12/1/16

Infographic, Spain

CWW infographics summarize the market-based and unpaid care work economy in a country. This post shows the infographic for Spain.

Counting Women’s Work estimates of the market and unpaid care work economies can be summarized with a series of statistics. CWW produces infographics to show these results. Infographics are available with a dark or light background. The infographic for Spain is shown below.

All infographics are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Counting Women's Work 10/31/16 Counting Women's Work 10/31/16

CWW Country Report, India

The second CWW Country Report features results from India.

CWW country reports provide an overview of the estimates for that country. These include age profiles of market consumption and labor income by sex from National Transfer Accounts. To include unpaid care work, consumption and production from National Time Transfer Accounts are included as well. The second country report published is from India. Please click the link below to view the report.

Counting Women's Work 10/11/16 Counting Women's Work 10/11/16

Infographic, Ghana

CWW infographics summarize the market-based and unpaid care work economy in a country. This post shows the infographic for Ghana.

All infographics are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Counting Women's Work 10/1/16 Counting Women's Work 10/1/16

Incorporating household production into the National Transfer Accounts for Slovenia

A group of CWW and NTA researchers has published "Incorporating household production into the National Transfer Accounts for Slovenia" in the journal Post-Communist Economies.

Sambt, J., Donehower, G., and Verbič, M. (2016) “Incorporating household production into the National Transfer Accounts for Slovenia.” Post-Communist Economies, 28(2): 249-267.

ABSTRACT:

The National Transfer Accounts (NTA) have recently been developed to measure economic flows across age groups. In this article, we extend the NTA for Slovenia by including the value of unpaid household production. Based on time-use data, we discover that people in Slovenia spent even more time on household production than on paid work, which emphasises the necessity of including household production in the NTA analysis. We find that there are large net transfers of household production flowing from adults to children, and to a lesser extent also to the elderly. We calculate unpaid production separately for both genders, and discover that females provide much more unpaid production and total productive work than males. In addition, they face a much more intensive ‘rush hour of life’ than males. We expect that similar patterns may be found in other post-communist countries where equalising labour force participation by gender was central to the communist agenda, but where no similar efforts were undertaken to equalise household work burdens.

Counting Women's Work 10/1/16 Counting Women's Work 10/1/16

CWW Country Report, South Africa

The first CWW Country Report features results from South Africa.

CWW country reports provide an overview of the estimates for that country. These include age profiles of market labor income and consumption by sex from National Transfer Accounts. To include unpaid care work, consumption and production from National Time Transfer Accounts are included as well. The first country report published is from South Africa. Please click the link below to view the report.